Surprising Facts about Wales in the Middle Ages
When we conjure images of the Middle Ages our minds often drift to castles, knights, and chivalry, Yet, within the tapestry of this era, lies a land rich with its unique history and culture: Wales. A land of towering mountains, lush pasture, and dramatic coastline, Wales in the Middle Ages holds a treasure trove of surprises that have often been overshadowed by other European counterparts. Here are ten unexpected facts about Wales and the mysterious Middle Ages.
The Princess of Gwynydd- A Lineage of Power: While England’s monarchs drew attention, Wales boasted its own lineages of formidable rulers including the Princess of Gwynydd. These rulers led the kingdom in tumultuous times, clashing with English monarchs and striving to maintain their independence.
Eisteddfod- Gathering of Bards: An enchanting tradition that persists to this day, the Eisteddfod was a gathering of poets and bards who competed in literary and musical contests. It was a haven for creativity, where poets crafted eloquent verses that paid homage to Welsh heroes and heritage.
The Laws of Hywel Dda-Wisdom in Words: Long before legal codification swept across Europe, the Laws of Hywel Dda (Howell the Good) were established in Wales. These laws offered insights into a sophisticated legal system, focusing on justice, property rights, and social order.
Welsh Castles: At first the castles built on mountains and coastlines were wooden but taking their cue from the Norman stone fortresses built across Wales after the invasion, the Welsh rulers built their own defences in a spirit of defiance. The remains of castles built by Welsh rulers and English invaders stand testament to the ever-shifting power dynamics of the medieval period.
Patron Saint of Lovers -Dwynwen: Dwynwen is Wales’ own patron saint of love and has a fascinating story that often escapes the limelight. Her legend echoes a tale of heartbreak and restoration, making her a unique figure in the pantheon of saints. Dwynwen is celebrated on 25th January.
Welsh Language- A Living Legacy: In an era dominated by Latin and other languages, the Welsh language persisted. It was a linguistic oasis that fostered a sense of identity and cultural pride among Welsh people. Apart from Latin and Greek, the Welsh language has the oldest literature in Europe.
The Myth of King Arthur- A Welsh Connection: The legendary King Arthur, often associated with English and French tales, is also well rooted in Welsh myth. Many believe Arthur was born in Wales, infusing the Arthurian legend with a touch of Welsh mysticism.
Wales’ Maritime Majesty-The Age of Exploration: While explorers like Columbus dominated European maritime history, Welsh mariners also made their mark. Madoc ap Owain Gwynydd, for instance, is said to have sailed to North American in the 12th century, long before Columbus set sail.
Medieval Welsh Medicine: Physicians in medieval Wales used a combination of herbal remedies and practical knowledge to treat illnesses reflecting a blend of traditional and emerging practices.
Saint David’s Cathedral: The construction of St David’s Cathedral in Pembrokeshire began in the 12thcentury and is a significant example of medieval Welsh architecture. It served as a major pilgrimage site and religious centre.