How a Welsh traitor’s daughter became an esteemed queen

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Angharad ferch Owain was born into significant political turbulence and social change. The Normans had set their sights on Wales, and her father, Owain ap Edwin, navigated with all his diplomatic skill to retain power in East Gwynedd. His successful relationships with the Normans saw him assist them against fellow Welshmen, earning him the title Owain Fradwr or Owain the Traitor. However, his daughter, Angharad, married Gruffydd ap Cynan, and her subsequent years as Queen of Gwynedd showcased her resilience, diplomacy, and sharp intelligence. 

Angharad ferch Owain’s marriage to Gruffydd ap Cynan was a masterstroke, uniting two powerful Welsh dynasties and consolidating power in Gwynedd. Her father, Owain ap Edwin, claimed descent from Welsh kings and Mercian royalty. Her husband claimed descent from Welsh, Irish and Norwegian royalty. If this couple understood anything, they understood the fragility of the royal position, and together, they worked to ensure the safety of their lineage. Although the marriage was seen as a political move, their union was happy, bearing three sons and five daughters. When Gruffydd died in 1137, he left half his goods to his wife, two land portions and the flourishing port and ferry at Abermenai. At the time, this clearly indicated Gruffydd’s affection and respect for his wife. 

There are few historical references to understand Angharad, but we know her beauty and kindness were praised. Angharad was eloquent, blonde, tall with big eyes and generous in heart. Like her father, Angharad was well-attuned to the importance of political alliances. As consort, this would have meant that her role was to keep allies and potential foes happy and maintain peace. Her diplomatic skills were not just crucial; they were impressive in fostering loyalty among the notoriously pugilistic Welsh nobility.

Angharad’s influence extended far beyond the political realm. She was a patron of the church, monasteries, and the arts, including the bardic traditions. Her support not only bolstered Gwynedd's internal stability but also elevated its reputation for cultural richness throughout Europe. Angharad’s involvement in these matters was not just a footnote in history but underscored her influence and the depth of her legacy.

Angharad’s contribution to Gwynedd extended beyond her lifetime. She was adored as a queen, and after her son became king, he leaned heavily on her advice. The children of Angharad and Gruffydd continued to play significant roles in Welsh history, and Owain Gwynedd’s successful reign was in part due to the strong foundation laid by his parents. The depth of Angharad's influence on Welsh history is most probably understated in the references to her which remain, yet, by understanding the times, her part was significant.

Angharad ferch Owain's resilience was a beacon of strength. As queen, she witnessed the horrors of war, endured personal loss and hardship, yet she remained steadfast. Her unwavering compassion and generosity were testaments to her character. She was the matriarch that bards sang of, and her memory would be cherished by future generations. Her pivotal role in Welsh history is a testament to her indomitable spirit, a source of inspiration for all.

If you would like to immerse yourself in the time of Wales in the Middle Ages, you might enjoy ‘The Welsh Traitor’s Daughter’ and ‘The Welsh Warrior’s Inheritance’.